Citrus canker - Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
EEffective: August 18, 2010 - December 31, 2011
Taxonomic Position:
Xanthomonadales : Xanthomonadaceae
Pest Type:
Bacteria
Pest Code (NAPIS):
FDZAXAN
No manual – See Host Matrix |
These Approved Methods are appropriate for:
Pest is vectored by:
Associated with: Citrus Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella)
Survey
Approved Method(s):
Method |
Instructions |
NAPIS Survey Method |
Visual |
Collect symptomatic leaf and twig samples. |
3031 - General Visual Observation
|
Signs:
No specific signs are present.
Symptoms:
Target younger growth that is in the last half of the expansion phase; look for blister-like, corky, tan to brown lesions with a water-soaked margin surrounded by a chlorotic halo on leaves, twigs, and fruit; abnormal leaf fall; blemished fruits that fall prematurely.
Key Diagnostics
ID/Diagnostic: Multiple
1. Serological using ELISA, 2. Culture, and 3. Molecular.
Causal agent must be confirmed by PCR. A PPQ-CPHST validated real-time PCR assay is available upon request as a work instruction for this diagnostic (Mavrodieva et al., 2004).
Preliminary screening should include: Water mount for indication of bacterial streaming.
A lactophenol cotton blue thin section may be useful, but caution is urged because Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria spot are easily confused for citrus canker without molecular tools.
Mistaken Identities:
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, citrus leprosis virus, and X. citri pv. citrumelo.
In Progress / Literature-based Diagnostics:
Hartung et al. (1993) developed PCR for detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) A strain.
Hartung et al. (1996) developed immunocapture-nested PCR for detection of Xac A strain.
Cubrero et al. (2001) developed a quantitative PCR to diagnose Xac.
Cubrero and Graham (2002) developed conventional PCR for detection of all known X. axonopodis strains causing disease in citrus.
Cubrero and Graham (2005) developed a quantitative real-time PCR reaction to detect and differentiate Xac and X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo, the causal agent of bacterial spot.
Coletta-Filho et al. (2006) developed primers based on the rpf gene to detect Xac from naturally and artificially infected citrus plants.
Notes:
Both the pathogen and the vector are present in the United States.
Immunostrip: CPHST is currently validating a strip that can be used for field survey. The strip has been shown to work well on fruit; however, on plants, other Xanthomonas species may show a positive result as well.
Contact Renee DeVries for the most up-to-date work instructions.