Mango fruit rot - Neofusicoccum mangiferae
EEffective: April 8, 2015 - December 31, 2020
Resources:
Pest Tracker
CAPS Pest Datasheet
Screening Aids:
Taxonomic Position:
Botryosphaeriales : Botryosphaeriaceae
Pest Type:
Fungi
Pest Code (NAPIS):
FIBFHCN
This pest is a member of the following lists:
| Tropical Hosts |
|---|
These Approved Methods are appropriate for:
2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016
Pest is vectored by:
No known vector.
Survey
Approved Method(s):
| Method | Instructions | NAPIS Survey Method |
|---|---|---|
| Visual | Collect symptomatic plant material. |
3031 - General Visual Observation |
Signs:
No specific signs are present.
Symptoms:
In Mango: Neofusicoccum mangiferae and other Dothiorella spp. produce "tearstained" patterns and localized lesions that appear as discrete, dendritic, superficial spots on fruit. Necrosis remains beneath the cuticle and penetrates the entire fruit within several days at 25°C (77°F). Superficial mycelium appears around the pedicel or through ruptures in the skin or directly through the epidermis. A brown liquid can exudate from the stem end or from surface ruptures. These symptoms and lesions result from airborne or windborne inocula. Stem-end rot fungi in mango are also associated with twig and branch dieback.
In Avocado: Infected avocados developed smooth, brown, circular spots first on the surface of harvested fruits. The fungus was always isolated from the margin of lesions and could also be found from symptomless fruit pedicles and stems.
In Avocado: Infected avocados developed smooth, brown, circular spots first on the surface of harvested fruits. The fungus was always isolated from the margin of lesions and could also be found from symptomless fruit pedicles and stems.
Key Diagnostics
ID/Diagnostic: Multiple
Morphological. Ni et al. (2009) describe the morphological features of this fungus when cultured on PDA (Ni et al., 2012). Although molecular methods are not validated, there are molecular methods available in the literature for confirmation.
A morphological key is also available at: Key to the various lineages in "Botryosphaeria" to assist with a morphological identification.
A morphological key is also available at: Key to the various lineages in "Botryosphaeria" to assist with a morphological identification.
Mistaken Identities:
There are several fungal pathogens of mango which can be easily confused for N. mangiferae. For example, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Fusicoccum aesculi are all anamorphs of Botryosphaeriaceae species which are causal agents of mango stem-end rot and fruit rot. These three pathogens are present in South Africa and Taiwan, two countries known to have N. mangiferae. In addition, numerous other fungal pathogens are known to infect mango, including: Phomopsis spp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium spp, Pestalotiopsis spp., Alternaria spp, Guignardia spp., Cladosporium spp., Ceratocystis spp, and Botrytis spp. (Ni et al., 2012).
Several other species of Botryosphaeria have also been reported on avocado, including N. parvum, Fusicoccum aesculi, and Dothiorella aromatic (Ni et al., 2009).
Several other species of Botryosphaeria have also been reported on avocado, including N. parvum, Fusicoccum aesculi, and Dothiorella aromatic (Ni et al., 2009).
In Progress / Literature-based Diagnostics:
To confirm the identity of the fungus, PCR amplification by universal primers, ITS1/ITS4, and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene cluster) were conducted. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of ribosomal DNA of this fungus was analyzed (Ni et al. (2010).
Ni et al. (2012) developed a nested PCR which can distinguish N. mangiferae from other Botryosphaeriaceae species.
Serrato-Diaz et al., (2014) describe a molecular method for identification by PCR amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA.
Ni et al. (2012) developed a nested PCR which can distinguish N. mangiferae from other Botryosphaeriaceae species.
Serrato-Diaz et al., (2014) describe a molecular method for identification by PCR amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA.
Notes:
This pathogen has been recently reported to occur in Puerto Rico.
References
- Ni, H.F., Liou, R.F., Hung, T.H., Chen, R.S., and Yang, H.R. 2009. First Report of a Fruit Rot Disease of Avocado Caused by Neofusicoccum mangiferae. Plant Disease 93(7): 760.
- Ni, H.F., Liou, R.F., Hung, T.H., Chen, R.S., and Yang, H.R. 2010. First Report of Fruit Rot Disease of Mango Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum mangiferae in Taiwan. Plant Disease 94(1): 128.
- Ni, H.F., Yang, H.R., Chen, R.S., Hung, T.H., and Liou, R.F. 2012. A nested multiplex PCR for species-specific identification and detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species on mango. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 133(4), 819-828.
- Serrato-Diaz, L.M., Rivera-Vargas, and French-Monar, R.D. 2014. First Report of Neofusicoccum mangiferae Causing Rachis Necrosis and Inflorescence Blight of Mango (Mangifera indica) in Puerto Rico. Plant Disease 98(4): 570.