Monacha cantiana can vector Brachylaimus sp. (trematodes) which may infect mammals or birds.

Monacha cartusiana can serve as an intermediate host for Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke), M�llerius capillaris (sheep and cattle lungworm), Prostrongylus rufescens (sheep lungworm), and Taenia bothrioplitis (a cestode).

Monacha syriaca can serve as an intermediate host for Protostrongylus rufenscens (sheep lungworm).

Not known to vector any pathogens or other associated organisms but damage may lead to invasion by secondary pests.

Method	Product Name / Instructions	NAPIS Survey Method
Visual	See the visual inspection excerpt from the guidelines.	3031 - General Visual Observation

Negative data for the genera Cernuella, Cochlicella, and Monacha can be entered at the genus level if no individuals of that genus are found in the sample and if the sampling method used will capture individuals of that genus if they are present in the environment from which that sample was taken. All species of these genera are exotic and not native to the U.S. All positives, regardless of genus, must be reported at the species level; no positive entries at the genus level are allowed.

ID/Diagnostic: Morphological

Morphological: All specimens should be submitted to Patrick Marquez. He is able to identify (even immature specimens) to the species level for this genus.

Patrick Marquez
11840 South La Cienega Blvd.
Hawthorne, CA, 90250
310-725-1918
Patrick.R.Marquez@aphis.usda.gov

Monacha cartusiana is similar to M. cantiana and M. dissimulans, both of which are currently not found in the United States