Symptoms:
"Ca. Phytoplasma pini" causes a range of symptoms on several hosts, including: yellowing, dwarfing/stunting, twisted needles ("form dense ball-like structures"), prolific branching / proliferation of small shoots/twigs (i.e., witches" broom), and little leaves (Schneider et al., 2005).
In Taxodium ascendens (pond cypress), the phytoplasma is causing necrotic little leaves, twig necrosis, and overall plant necrosis (tissue death) (Huang et al, 2011).
In Picea (spruce) spp: Shoot and needle malformation and stunted growth are the main symptoms observed (Kaminska and Berniak, (2011).
In Abies (fir) and Tsuga (hemlock) spp: Witches" brooming and needle discoloration are the primary symptoms associated with the disease (Kaminska et al., 2011).
Some hosts will not show symptoms.