Flavescence doree - Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis 16SrV-C
EEffective: April 2, 2013 - April 5, 2018
Resources:
Pest Tracker
CAPS Pest Datasheet
Screening Aids:
Taxonomic Position:
Acholeplasmatales : Acholeplasmataceae
Pest Type:
Phytoplasma
Pest Code (NAPIS):
FGBLMDR
This pest is a member of the following lists:
| Grape |
|---|
These Approved Methods are appropriate for:
2018, 2017, 2016, 2015
Major Hosts identified in the Host Matrix:
Grape
This list includes important economic or environmental hosts but does not represent all major hosts of the pest. Check CAPS pest datasheet for complete list of hosts.
This list includes important economic or environmental hosts but does not represent all major hosts of the pest. Check CAPS pest datasheet for complete list of hosts.
Pest is vectored by:
The main vector for this pathogen, Scaphoideus titanus is native to North America. Dictyophara europaea , another potential vector, has been intercepted at U.S. ports of entry.
Survey
Approved Method(s):
| Method | Instructions | NAPIS Survey Method |
|---|---|---|
| Visual | Collect symptomatic leaf material. Be sure that each plant that is sampled exhibits shriveling of the fruiting cluster. |
3031 - General Visual Observation |
Survey Instruction Details:
For FY 2014 and 2015 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2014 and 2015
For FY2016 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2016
For FY2017 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2017
If you have taken the hands-on phytoplasma specific training at CPHST Beltsville, you can screen your own phytoplasma samples. Note: You will still have to follow the protocol in the linked document for confirmations.
For FY2016 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2016
For FY2017 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2017
If you have taken the hands-on phytoplasma specific training at CPHST Beltsville, you can screen your own phytoplasma samples. Note: You will still have to follow the protocol in the linked document for confirmations.
Signs:
No specific signs are present.
Symptoms:
Grapevine: Leaves turn yellow or red depending on the cultivar. They roll downward and become brittle. The interveinal areas of leaves may become necrotic. Shoots show incomplete lignification, and rows of black pustules develop on the green bark along the diseased branches; they are thin, rubbery, and hang pendulously. During winter they blacken and die. The inflorescences dry out and fall off. Fruit setting is reduced. In later infections, bunches are irregular and berries become shriveled. They have a significantly lower sugar content and higher acidity compared to healthy grapes.
In Clematis vitalba, a potential host, symptoms may include discoloration and wilting of leaves, although the relationship between the presence of phytoplasma and leaf symptoms is not clear.
See INRA (2013) and the CPHST Pest Datasheet for more information on the symptoms and biology/ecology of the disease.
In Clematis vitalba, a potential host, symptoms may include discoloration and wilting of leaves, although the relationship between the presence of phytoplasma and leaf symptoms is not clear.
See INRA (2013) and the CPHST Pest Datasheet for more information on the symptoms and biology/ecology of the disease.
Key Diagnostics
ID/Diagnostic: Molecular
Molecular: For FY 2014 and 2015 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2014 and 2015
For FY2016 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2016
For FY2017 surveys: Follow instructions in Phytoplasma sample submission for Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program and Farm Bill Goal 1 surveys FY 2017
If you have taken the hands-on phytoplasma specific training at CPHST Beltsville, you can screen your own phytoplasma samples. Note: You will still have to follow the protocol in the linked document for confirmations.
Mistaken Identities:
Other grapevine yellows diseases
In Progress / Literature-based Diagnostics:
Potentially infected samples can be analyzed for the presence of FD with a real-time PCR procedure as described in Hren et al. (2007). Further molecular characterization may than performed on the positive samples by PCR with FD9R1/FD9F1 primers followed by nested PCR with FD9F3b/ FD9R2 primers and RFLP (Mehle et al., 2011).
Notes:
The primary host is Vitis vinifera. This species can also potentially infect Vitis spp, Clematis spp., and Alnus spp."Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis" is an informally proposed name.
References
- Hren, M., Boben, J., Rotter, A., Kralj, P., Gruden, K., and Ravnikar, M. 2007. Real-time PCR detection systems for ‘flavescence doree’ and ‘bois noir’ phytoplasmas in grapevine: comparison with conventional PCR detection and application in diagnostics. Plant Pathology 56: 785–796.
- INRA. 2013. Grapevine Flavescence Doree.
- Mehle, N., Rupar, M., Seljak, G., Ravnikar, M., and Dermastia, M. 2011. Molecular diversity of ‘flavescence dorée’ phytoplasma strains in Slovenia. Bulletin of Insectology 64 (Supplement): S29-S30.