Chickpea cyst nematode - Heterodera ciceri

EEffective: August 18, 2010
Resources: Pest Tracker Data Entry Guide for Nematodes CAPS Pest Datasheet
Screening Aids:
Taxonomic Position: Tylenchida : Heteroderidae
Pest Type: Nematodes
Pest Code (NAPIS): NEFBCCB
This pest is a member of the following lists:

Cyst Nematode
These Approved Methods are appropriate for: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015
Major Hosts identified in the Host Matrix:
Chickpea

This list includes important economic or environmental hosts but does not represent all major hosts of the pest. Check CAPS pest datasheet for complete list of hosts.
Pest is vectored by:
This pest is is not known to be a vector and it is not vectored by any organism.
Survey
Approved Method(s):
Method Instructions NAPIS Survey Method
Soil Sample Send sample to nematology diagnostic lab where nematodes will be extracted and identified (preferred method). 3012 - General Soil Sample
Tissue Sample Send sample to nematology diagnostic lab where nematodes will be extracted and identified. 3011 - General Tissue Sample
Survey Instruction Details:
Laboratory methods that are acceptable for cyst extraction include sugar centrifugation, USDA cyst extractor, Fenwick can sieving, wet sieving, and elutriation.
Signs:
Mature females and cysts are just visible to the naked eye and can be seen as minute, white, lemon-shaped bodies on the root surface.
Symptoms:
Poor growth and extensive yellowing.
Key Diagnostics


ID/Diagnostic: Morphological

Morphological: Characteristics of second-stage juveniles, males, females, and cysts.
Mistaken Identities:
Heterodera ciceri resembles H. trifolii in general morphology, but differs in host range, the presence of males, by the fenestral measurements, and characteristics of the second-stage juvenile.
In Progress / Literature-based Diagnostics:
Molecular: Clapp et al. (2000) developed a technique for rapid identification of Heterodera spp. based on ITS2 sequence variation detected by PCR single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has been developed for distinguishing between nematodes in the genus Heterodera (Subbotin et al., 2000; Sabo et al., 2001; Madani et al., 2004). The analysis is conducted on ribosomal DNA in the internal transcribed spacer region with multiple restriction enzymes. Heterodera ciceri has specific RFLP profiles for numerous restrictions enzymes that are described and compared to other species in the Heterodera genus (Subbotin et al., 2010). Imren et al. (2012) characterized 46 populations of H. ciceri using ITS sequencing.
Notes:
This root feeder cyst forming nematode is distributed mainly in the Middle East (Syria), where it causes serious damage to chick pea. It occurs in Turkey as well. The nematode reproduces well on garden pea and lentil. It can be introduced with seeds, plant material, or soil debris contaminated with cysts.
References
  1. Clapp, J.P., Van Der Stoel, C.D., and Van Der Putten, W.H. 2000. Rapid identification of cyst (Heterodera spp., Globodera spp.) and root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of ITS2 sequence variation detected by PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in cultures and field samples (2000) Molecular Ecology, 9 (9): 1223-1232.
  2. Greco, N., Di Vito, M., Saxena M. C., and Reddy, M. V. 1988. Effect of Heterodera ciceri on yield of chickpea and lentil and development of this nematode on chickpea in Syria. Nematologica 34: 98-114.
  3. Greco, N., Volvas, N., and Inserra, R. N. 1992a. The chickpea cyst nematode, Heterodera ciceri. Florida Dept. Agric. & Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Nematology Circular No. 198.
  4. Imren, M., Waeyenberge, L., Viaene, N., Toktay, H., Dababat, A., and Elekçioğlu, I.H. 2012. Molecular characterization of cereal cyst nematodes from the South Anatolian Region in Turkey using ITS-rDNA sequences. Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 36 (4): 491-499.
  5. Madani, M., Vovlas, N., Castillo, P., Subbotin, S.A., and Moens, M. 2004. Molecular characterization of cyst nematode species (Heterodera spp.) from the Mediterranean basin using RFLPs and sequences of ITS-rDNA. Journal of Phytopathology 152: 229-234.
  6. Sabo, A., Vovlas, N., and Ferris, V.R. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships based on ribosomal DNA data for four species of cyst nematodes from Italy and one from Syria. Journal of Nematology, 33 (4): 183-190.
  7. Subbotin, S. A., Waeyenberge, L., and Moens, M. 2000. Identification of cyst forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLP. Nematology 2(2): 153-164.
  8. Subbotin, S.A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., and Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monograph and Perspectives Volume 8A. Brill, Leiden-Boston, 351 pp.
  9. Vovlas, N., Greco, N., and Di Vito, M. 1985. Heterodera ciceri sp. n. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) on Cicer arietinum L. from northern Syria. Nematol. Medit. 13: 239-252.